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Key Habitat Components Habitat Creation or Enhancement Opportunities and Considerations Education and Monitoring Case Studies Scientific ResourcesThe monarch butterfly population is in decline due to the loss of habitat that includes their host plant - milkweed! Increasing pollinator habitat in agricultural areas is key to restoring monarch populations. With the help of agricultural producers, we can reach our national goal of 1.8 billion additional milkweed plants and other wildflowers on the landscape.
Agricultural lands are rich with opportunities to provide monarch habitat, from fallow fields, hedgerows, marginal cropland, field margins, and the yards and gardens around our homes. Native prairie or grassland plantings for monarchs can also be incorporated into farm buffer systems (such as filter strips, grassed waterways, roadside embankments, and septic drainage fields). Even without installing new habitat, there are many ways to support healthier monarch populations in agricultural areas. Identifying and protecting existing habitat areas from mowing or potential pesticide drift are simple actions to take to promote monarch recovery. There is room on every farm or ranch to incorporate monarch habitat in some way.
Conservation actions you take on your farm, ranch, or backyard, no matter what size, can provide additional economic gain as well as ecological benefits. Monarch habitat benefits honeybees and native pollinators, which are critical in pollinating many agricultural crops. Setting aside small areas of habitat near or within crops that require pollination can provide food and shelter to support a healthy local pollinator population and improve yields. (Photo by Denise Ellsworth, The Ohio State University)
Key Habitat Components
- A combination of early, middle, and late blooming species, with the overlap in flowering times to fuel pollinators and butterfly breeding and migration
- Native milkweeds to provide food for monarch caterpillars
- Limited use of herbicides within and surrounding the habitat only to control invasive or noxious weeds.
- Reduced insecticide use in or surrounding habitat. Use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to control unwanted pests.
- Habitat management plan to ensure successful establishment and longevity of habitat
Habitat Creation or Enhancement Opportunities and Considerations
Once you have identified a parcel(s) of land to improve or restore habitat for monarchs, you'll need to be connected with the right tools, partners, and information to ensure your habitat is the best it can be! The table below illustrates incentive programs, planning tools, best management practices, habitat assessment tools, and more for establishing monarch habitat in agricultural areas. In addition to what is listed below, consult with your local conservation agents or technical service providers (i.e., NRCS, local conservation districts, Pheasants Forever, USFWS Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program, etc.) to aid in these processes.
Organizations | Tools/Resources | Description |
---|---|---|
NRCS Monarch Butterfly Habitat Development Project and Working Lands for Wildlife | Using Farm Bill Programs for Pollinator Conservation Working Lands Monarch Storymap Plant recommendations for monarch butterflies for the Midwest Plant recommendations for monarch butterflies for the Southern Plains How Farmers Can Help Pollinators | Cost-share for ten key monarch breeding states in central U.S. WHEGs provides an in-depth habitat quality assessment. |
Farm Service Agency | Conservation Reserve Program Honey Bee Initiative notice | Incentives and activities to increase monarch and pollinator habitat in the Upper Midwest. |
US Fish and Wildlife Service | Private landowner assistance program to support conservation projects. | |
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation | Monarch Butterfly and Pollinators Conservation Fund | Grants are available for both habitat improvement projects and outreach and organization coordination. |
Bee & Butterfly Habitat Fund | Seed and financial assistance | Innovative solution for landowners to receive seed and contract payments to turn underutilized acreage into productive habitat designed for both honeybees and monarchs. |
Commission for Environmental Cooperation | Monarch Conservation Toolbox | The website with best management practices, incentive programs, and pilot projects to maintain and create monarch habitats. |
BASF | Living Acres Research Initiative | Research initiative focusing on best management practices to increase diversity with modern ag operations. |
Syngenta | Operation Pollinator | International biodiversity program to increase pollinators on commercial farms by creating specific habitats. |
Monarch Butterfly Habitat Exchange | Habitat Quantification Tool (HQT) and CalculatorFinancial assistance | An incentive program that enables incentive payments to be directed to priority habitat restoration and conservation sites based on habitat quality (HQT). |
Land Conservation Assistance Network | Incentive programs | Federal, state, and local funding, incentive, and financial/technical assistance programs to help conserve land and estates. |
Science-based Trials of Row crops Integrated with Prairie Strips (STRIPS) | Farmland conservation practice | Research and demonstration of integrating small amounts of native plant habitat into strategic locations within row crop fields to yield benefits for soil, water, and biodiversity. |
Tallgrass Prairie Center | Technical information about seed source, seed mix design, habitat establishment in Iowa, demonstration habitats, and educational events. | |
Xerces Society | Pollinator Habitat Assessment Guide | Simple tools for habitat planning and assessment. |
Monarch Joint Venture | Monarch Habitat Assessment Tool Mowing: Best Practices for Monarchs | Simple tools for habitat planning, habitat assessment, and management. |
The Farm Bill biologist program is designed to educate farmers and landowners about the benefits of conservation programs, as well as assist those landowners after programs have been implemented. It's the ‘One Stop Shop’ for anything conservation and wildlife-related on private lands. Pheasants Forever and Quail Forever offer seed mixes that meet all USDA conservation standards and projects not associated with a USDA program that benefit birds, bees, and butterflies. | ||
Pollinator Partnership Canada |
Webinar- Conserving Monarchs: Opportunities on Farms in Canada | Pollinator Partnership Canada provides EcoRegional Planting Guides and Technical Guides for Land Managers for farmers and land managers looking to improve pollinator habitat on their land in Canada. |
Sustainable Ag Resources | Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education Precision conservation meets precision agriculture Crop Production Costs, Profits, and Ecosystem Stewardship with Precision Agriculture Subfield profitability analysis reveals an economic case for cropland diversification | |
Honey Bee Health Coalition | While emphasizing honey bees, this coalition offers resources applicable to pollinator conservation more broadly. | |
Keystone Policy Center | Farmers for Monarchs | This collaboration brings together the ag industry, conservation organizations, and agencies to integrate monarch work into agricultural areas. |
Farm Bill Conservation Resources | Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership: The Farm Bill | Information about the Farm Bill's connection to conservation and how landowners and hunters can engage. The MJV does not endorse policy statements made by external organizations. |
Education and Monitoring
As a steward of the land, you can demonstrate how agriculture and habitat conservation practices go hand-in-hand. Host field days to share information with your neighbors about how habitat for monarchs and pollinators fits on your farm and within your lifestyle. Establish a relationship with local technical service providers or conservation NGOs to share experiences and opportunities for further collaboration. Many certification programs are available to register or certify your habitat for increased exposure and generating awareness. Use these to share your story and display signage to draw attention to the site and its value for monarchs and pollinators.
You can also provide valuable information about how monarchs are utilizing habitat in agricultural areas through community science. These projects provide a fun opportunity to engage your kids, grandkids, or other family members in observing the habitat on your farm or ranch. The primary monarch community science opportunities are described here.
Case Studies
Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural producers of all varieties are implementing monarch habitat restoration on their properties. Below are some compelling examples of practitioners befitting from pollinator habitat along with the monarchs:
- Door Creek Orchard Biodiversity
- Corn Soybean Digest: Fredricks Stops Farming Unprofitable Acres
- Hope for Change at SLFF
- Pork Producers Collaborate with Iowa Researchers to Benefit Monarchs
- Prairie on Farms, Dysart Iowa (Tallgrass Prairie Center)
- Quail Trap Prairie
Scientific Resources
- Pest control and pollination cost–benefit analysis of hedgerow restoration in a simplified agricultural landscape, Morandin, Long & Kremen, 2016
- Regenerative agriculture: merging farming and natural resource conservation profitably, LaCanne & Lundgren, 2018